`` Alone Together `` By Sherry Turkle - 1997 Words

â€Å"Alone Together† by Sherry Turkle can be explained by using the postmodernism theory. There are examples used throughout the entirety of the book that the author herself experienced during interviews that clearly show how our society is evolving in these postmodern times. â€Å"Alone Together† goes into detail explaining how people today are interacting with technology and how it is greatly changing our society. Theory Overview Before explaining postmodernism, modernism needs to explained some first. Modernism believes in the absolutes of things such as beauty art and music. There is only one set way to do these things. Music is things such as Mozart and Bach. There is a clear objective of linear thinking that is to be stuck to and anything†¦show more content†¦Sherry Turkle begins the book by talking about our relationships with robots and how it is going to change our society. Robots are another way for us to interact. We can interact with them as if they are people and they can assist us in our day to day lives. This is an example of our society being fragmented as it is another way for us to interact in society. Sherry Turkle writes about our interaction with robots and how that is increasing and how our interactions with humans are decreasing. Through her interviews she learns that some people are much more comfortable talking with a robot or computer program than with a human. There is a computer program called ELIZA that people can interact with and the program is set to respond in certain ways. Turkle found out that people would start telling the program their secrets and issues within just a few interactions. This is much quicker than people will open up during therapy with a human. This can show a shift of people potentially interacting more with programs like this as a form of therapy rather than taking the traditional route and talking to a therapist. Childrens toys such as tamagotchis show â€Å"emotions† and in turn make the children feel actual emotions. The tamagotchis will ask for and require care from the children to â€Å"survive†. This elicited actual emotions from the kids as they would get happy to care andShow MoreRelatedAlone Together by Sherry Turkle1172 Words   |  5 PagesAfter reading Sherry Turkle’s book Alone Together, I was left with mixed feelings. Ill thought the book was poorly written, and could have be en structured better. The way Turkle structures the book made me bored and uninterested. On the other hand, it enlightened me about the conditions that technology has done throughout society. I became bored reading certain parts of the book. I feel like the author could have sequenced it better. The author precedes some chapters or sections with a point andRead More`` Alone Together `` By Sherry Turkle1555 Words   |  7 Pageseasily stay connected to each other through the online world. Because of this, human beings have been influenced by the changing of their surrounding environments, and it leads to new issues that human beings never faced before. Sherry Turkle, the author of â€Å"Alone Together†, introduces the impact of the development of technology on humans, particularly human relationships. She argues that although the development of technology allowed people to have easier, faster, and more efficient lives, it alsoRead MoreSherry Turkle s Alone Together Reflection1085 Words   |  5 PagesSherry Turkle’s Alone Together Reflection: Sherry Turkle is a professor of the social studies of science and technology at MIT with a joint doctorate in sociology and personality psychology. It is a safe assumption to say that Sherry Turkle knows what she is talking about. In fact, her book Alone Together and her video talk through the Family Action Network is evidence of that. The book and the talk generally convey the same message that technology, primarily phones, limits human empathy andRead MoreAnalysis Of Sherry Turkle s Alone Together1461 Words   |  6 PagesDespite an increase in the amount of mediums used to communicate with other people, humans have lost the ability to adequately socialize in an effective manner. In Sherry Turkle’s Alone Together, the reader is presented with animatronic devices as eventual replacements to human interaction. Meanwhile, this is contrasted with Adam Gopnik’s Bumping Into Mr Ravioli, where people are always available for communication, but are always â€Å"perpetua lly suspending† any real face to face contact (157). WithRead MoreAnalysis Of Connected But Alone By Sherry Turkle1155 Words   |  5 PagesIn the Connected, but Alone? Ted talk, Sherry Turkle argues that technology is a major influence on our social interaction during this time era. The technological world brings us together, but also separates us from this present reality. In Turkles speech she explains that when people should interact socially face to face instead they turn to their phones and do not give their full attention to the others who are in the room or environment at that time. Friends, coworkers, and family members feelRead MoreThe Flight From Conversation By Sherry Turkle1232 Words   |  5 PagesOver the course of time, there has been a lot of controversy over the use of technology in our day to day lives in Sherry Turkle s article, â€Å"The Flight From Conversation† she brings up a lot of main points targeting the use of technology and how it changes the way we interact with people. She explains that we have been accustomed to being alone together that many people prefer to be alone rather than having a conversation with someone. She also discusses how we no longer have traditional relationshipsRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Lives910 Words   |  4 Pagesmore powerful and effective ways of communication. People are getting used to a new way to be alone together while they are together. Conversation in number and quality decrease as technology replaces in human interaction Sherry Turkle, a psychologist and professor of the social studies and technology at the Massachusetts institute, wrote the article â€Å"The Flight from Conversation†. In this article, Turkle mainly discusses the impact of technology in the world today. She gives insight into how technologyRead MoreA Response To Growing Up Tethered By Sherry Turkle727 Words   |  3 PagesA Response to Growing Up Tethered Sherry Turkle’s primary argument in her essay, â€Å"Growing Up Tethered†, is the current generation of adolescents are linked or tethered to their cell phones and technology. Sherry Turkle, sociologist, clinical psychologist, and author of many books, is concerned about our altered identities, lack of empathy skills, and increased stress due to online activities (Turkle, 2011). Technology changes our very being in such a way that some free will isRead MoreAlone Together: the Robotic Movment Essay1076 Words   |  5 PagesResponse to Sherry Turkle’s â€Å"Alone Together: The Robotic Movement† In â€Å"Alone Together: The Robotic Movement,† Sherry Turkle explains some of the negative effects that robots are having on our lives. She also explains how they can have a negative effect on our daily lives without us even noticing. I am someone who knows a great deal about technology, however I had no idea that close human-robot interaction was happening at such an inappropriate level. There are many different examples Turkle usesRead MoreTechnology And Conversation : Technology971 Words   |  4 Pagesway to be alone together. Conversation in number and quality decrease as technology replaces in human interaction. In this article author gives insight into how technology distracts people without considering what price they are paying and persuades how technology has a huge effect on people’s conversation. Sherry Turkle, a psychologist and professor of the social studies and technology at the Massachusetts institute, wrote the article â€Å"The Flight from Conversation†. In this article, Turkle mainly discusses

History of Social Work - 18530 Words

S.Rengasamy Madurai Institute of Social Sciences Compiled by S.Rengasamy-History of Social Welfare / Social Work Contents History of Social Welfare/ Social Work ..........................................................................................................................3 The need to understand history of social work .............................................................................................................3 Framework to understand History of Social Welfare / Social Work ..............................................................................4 Understanding History through Historical Phases†¦show more content†¦......................................................................................................................................................20 3 ..............................................................................................................................................................................23 4 .......................................................................................................................... ....................................................24 Celebrating Social Welfare / Work Pioneers ..............................................................................................................25 Elizabeth Gurney Fry ...............................................................................................................................................25 Octavia Hill ..............................................................................................................................................................26 Arnold Toynbee ......................................................................................................................................................27 Jane Addams ...........................................................................................................................................................28 MaryShow MoreRelatedHistory of Social Work1714 Words   |  7 PagesThe development of Social Work in the United Kingdom, United States and Australia has developed and evolved, influencing people and professionals across the world. Social Work has advanced through welfare policies and programs with significant historical changes occurring and a shift in religious and political views allowing these changes to benefit members of society and address social issues. Key events such as the Elizabethan Poor Law, the industrial revolution, the first charity organised societyRead MoreThe History Of Social Work Practice1530 Words   |  7 PagesIn this essay I will be giving a brief introduction to the history of social work practice, by introducing the laws that contributed to its development. Explaining how the sub divisions divide into specialism s within the variety of social work settings, using both public and private sectors to show understanding. Also, demonstrate knowledge of different legislation that has been introduced to social work practice over the past 25 years and why it is used in particular areas. Then to finalise usingRead MoreSocial Work And Welfare History1477 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Work/ Welfare History In 1906, in-school social work programs were integrated into New York City schools with hopes to bridge the gaps between the schools and communities in which they served. Since then in-school social workers have become more than just school and community liaisons but also the caseworkers, confidants, youth program advocates, as well as truancy reporters. In 1946, the National School Lunch Act was established and signed into law by President Harry S. Truman. This policyRead MoreThe And Social Work Welfare History1085 Words   |  5 Pages In this paper I will discuss a variety of aspects related to my agency, such as structure, social policy, and social work welfare history that empowers families’ lives. This semester I have been given the opportunity to work, as an intern, at Head Start Nacogdoches following a social worker understanding the importance of being efficient in my future career. At Head Start my job is to observe, take notes, and ask questions to my field instructor Ms. Celena Garrett in understand the importance ofRead MoreSocial Work History : Midterm3357 Words   |  14 PagesSocial Work History: Midterm Grace Gowdy Boston University 1. â€Å"Progressivism† has been characterized by authors studied in this course as 1) an historical era/political movement, 2) a culture within the social work profession, 3) a set of virtues social workers should strive for and 4) an inheritor (and possible alternative to) the radical tradition within social work. Describe and discuss each of these varieties of progressivism in terms of their impact on OR implications for promotingRead MoreThe History of Social Work in the Caribbean3239 Words   |  13 PagesSocial work and Social Welfare has been with us from as far back as the 1600s and it has always been, and has continued to be a response to human needs. In order to understand its historical development, it is necessary to examine the significant factors, which has influenced its evolution. It can be said however that factors such as the establishment of the Elizabethan poor laws, the emancipation of slavery and the social unrest which resulted in the 1937 riots, played a momentous role in the developmentRead MoreThe History Of Social Work In Vietnam. Each Country Has1625 Words   |  7 PagesThe History of Social Work in Vietnam Each country has a unique history for the development of social work. While social work was first started in Amsterdam and later introduced in the United States in the late 1800’s, other countries are starting to develop social work practice more recently (Zastrow, 2010). At the completion of multiple decades of war, Vietnam could start implementing social work practice. It is important for foreigners who plan to work in Vietnam to be aware of the history ofRead MoreSocial Work As A Practice And The History Of The Reformers That Helped Create The Very Career Itself Essay1007 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper will include a description of social work as a practice and the history of the reformers that helped create the very career itself. In this section, I will include topics such as the mission, goals, and purpose of a social worker and attributes of the profession. Next, I will discuss the definition and the elements of General Practice in the field. This section will includ e examples from the lifestyle paper written previously in the year. For this paper, I was required to visit a placeRead MoreDiscipline and Punish: a Critical Review. This Is a Summary of Michel Foucaults Seminal Work on the History of Criminal Punishment and Social Discipline as It Transformed from Punitive to Correctional Models During the2913 Words   |  12 Pages------------------------------------------------- Discipline and Punish: a critical review ------------------------------------------------- This is a summary of Michel Foucaults seminal work on the history of criminal punishment and social discipline as it transformed from punitive to correctional models during the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------Read MoreKarl Marx s Theories Of History And The Theory Of Human Nature Essay1714 Words   |  7 Pageswill aim to discuss and determine with reference to Marx’s deterministic theory of history and the theory of human nature, if human beings are essentially the product of socioeconomic forces. In addition to one criticism of his theory of human nature. Firstly, this paper will explain Karl Marx’s deterministic theory of history and the theory of human nature. According to Karl Marx’s deterministic theory of history, human society is determined by the material conditions. Marx was heavily influenced

Identifying Threats and Opportunities of Globalization

Question: Discuss about the Identifying Threats and Opportunities of Globalization. Answer: Introduction The report would discuss the opportunities and threats that are created by globalization. The illustration would be supported with the help of an MNC from an emerging market. The report has taken Alibaba.com which is a China based country and has successfully established itself in the international market through its innovation and strategic marketing plans. The report would highlight how Alibaba.com identified the opportunities and threats of global market of Australia to spread its wings in Australian market. Further, the report would contrast the differences between establishing the market in the home country and host country. PESTEL analysis and Porters Five Forces tools would be used in order to analyze the external and industrial factors of China and Australia. PESTEL analysis would help to assess the political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal factors of China and Australia in order to understand the differences between the macro factors of home and h ost countries respectively. Company Profile Alibaba Group Holding Limited is a China based e-commerce company which facilitates the transaction of services between two entities. The e-commerce company offers consumer to consumer services, business to consumer and business to business sales services through its international website. Another services provided by the company include shopping search engine, electronic payment services and data centric cloud computing services. Alibaba started its operations in the year 1999 by initiating the website alibaba.com which collected the revenue of $ 170 billion in the year 2012. Alibaba has become the largest retailer business in the world with its operations running in more than 190 countries of the world. The e-commerce company has become the most dominating online retailer in the world by achieving sales revenue beyond the worlds most popular companies including Walmart, Amazon and eBay. The strategy deployed by the company is to act as a facilitator between the suppliers and buyers by establishing trust between them. Alibaba has acquired trust of the consumers through its innovative and reliable online platform. The company works on the following core values: SWOT Analysis Strengths 1. Alibaba has developed its services and operations which are in alignment with the latest trend. Alibaba has very effectively incorporated the digital technology in its web portal to establish a large market share in the market. 2. The company has incorporated an effective verification process for its client that build mutual trust between the company and client. 3. Alibaba has developed services which are customer centric and fulfill all their needs. 4. Innovative services have been effectively merged with technology to resolve the need of twenty first century. Weaknesses 1. Alibaba has too many sellers that leads to fierce competition among the sellers. 2. Alibaba offers huge discounts to the customers which creates pressure on suppliers. Opportunities 1. Alibaba has great investment opportunity in China which has been forecasted to grow exponentially in 2016-2020. 2. Alibaba has great opportunity in the emerging countries because of its strong brand recognition in the market. Threats 1. Rising competition from the emerging e-commerce portals is a threat to the company. 2. The profitability of e-commerce industry is declining because of customer demands. Porters Five Forces Barriers to Entry The industry has high returns due to which numerous firms have made efforts to imitate the business model of Alibaba.com. The business to business market segment has increased in the past few years which has encouraged the new players to enter the market. To enter the market of e-commerce, a company first needs to identify the target market for the specific industry. There have been firms such as finechemical.com, textilehome.com for chemical and textile industries respectively. These e-commerce companies target only a small market share of Alibaba.com and do not target a broad market segment. Buyer Bargaining Power The customers strength to pressurize the firm through their authority and power is the buyers bargaining power (Roy, 2011). Alibaba.com has small and medium sized enterprises as their customers who do not have their own websites. Alibaba sets its own standards which govern the small and medium firms and thus, these firms do not enjoy the liberty to set their own terms and conditions. Therefore, these firms cannot put pressure on Alibaba.com. On the other hand, the firms with their own websites are in the position to exert pressure on Alibaba.com for prices and other terms and conditions and thus, they negotiate with Alibaba to have some factors in their favor. Supplier Bargaining Power The suppliers for a firm could be labor, supplier of raw materials and components and services which could exert pressure over the firm (Hill and Jones, 2009). The suppliers could increase the price of raw material for the unique sources or simply say no to work with the firm. Alibaba does not have any suppliers because it is an e-commerce company which completely relies on marketing and advertising for its business. The company advertises itself through magazines, websites and newspapers which can only demand the market prices from the company. Thus, the bargaining power of supplier for Alibaba is limited. Availability of Substitutes When customers find the substitutable products with lower prices, they tend to switch towards them (Hill and Jones, 2009). The product substitute of Alibaba is the websites of companies through which they can easily attract their own customers and especially those customers who want to directly trade with the manufacturing company without any intermediate. Competition The rival firms are the determinant of the industrial factors for any firm (Hill and Jones, 2009). The rival firms compete with the firm through extensive marketing campaigns in order to attract the customers. Alibaba faces competition from free search engines such as Baidu.com and Google.com. The customers prefer to use these websites instead of Alibaba due to which Alibaba could incur profit loss. Environmental Analysis PESTEL Analysis: China PESTEL analysis would help us to understand the challenges faced by Alibaba in the Chinese market by assessing the political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal factors. Political Factors Political factors include the government policy structure of the country. China is an emerging market economy and introduced the policy of revolution and opening to give an opportunity to the private players in the country. The country has a communist form of government due to which the private players were facing challenges regarding the credit facilities for the growth of their businesses. The private players of the country have contributed a significant portion of revenue towards the economic growth of the country in the past few years due to which the government directed its attention towards the private players (Orszag, 2014). The government has claimed to offer its full support for the establishment of the private players such as Alibaba.com (Yue, 2016).). Alibaba has been forecasted to grow even faster in the market of China which has been estimated to be one of the largest markets of the world. Economic Factors The economy of China has been growing over the past thirty years with consistency and has made China the second largest economy of the world. The GDP value of the country was $ 9.2 trillion in the year 2013 (Focus Economics, 2017). The growth rate of GDP is more than 9% with very low inflation rate (Focus Economics, 2017). Thus, the growing economy of China has facilitated the growth of Alibaba.com in China. Alibaba.com emerged as one of the fastest growing companies of China and received full assistance from the company to enter international market (Berkeley, 2013). Social Factors China has witnessed the upliftment of living standards of the people because of its rapid economic growth (Trading Economics, 2017). The disposable income of the people rose by 6.3% in the year 2016 and has been expected to grow during the tenure 2016 to 2020 (Xinhua, 2017)). Thus, Alibaba.coms growth has been triggered in China because of the increasing living standards of people. Technological Factors China is the leading country in terms of technological advancement. Thus, the countrys infrastructure supported the online payment and electronic payment system of Alibaba.com Legal Factors China has strict employment and contract laws which posed threat to Alibaba.com in the beginning, but Alibaba strictly adhered to every law and regulation to establish its market (Red Herring, 2014). The company has to ensure that the rights of both the parties are being maintained through the online payment system (China Briefing, 2015). Environmental Factors Alibaba has its major operations in China due to which it has to ensure the sustainability of its operational system in order to maintain the environmental system of China. PESTEL Analysis: Australia PESTEL analysis would help us to understand the challenges faced by Alibaba in the Australian market by assessing the political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal factors. Political Factors The political factors of a country have a huge impact on the operations of the firm. Australia is a politically stable country with supportive government laws and policies. The government offer complete support to the Alibaba.com due to which it has been able to establish its market in the country. The strong government support of Australia has made the country to rank among the top five countries of world under the category of largest sellers of Alibaba.com (Koehn, 2017). Economic Factors Australia is a developed country and thus, has a stable economy with the growth rate of 2.5% of GDP (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2017). The country has maintained its consistent economic growth for the past 25 years (Scutt, 2016). The country witnessed the highest growth rate of 3.3% during 2016 (Scutt, 2016). In spite of global recession, the country has managed its economic growth. Thus, Australia provides favorable conditions for a business to run its operations within the country. The stable economy leads to increased disposable income of the people which leads to increasing sales for Alibaba.com. Australia is among the top five selling countries in the world. Australia has an inflation rate of 1.5% which benefits Alibaba.com as it is able to sell its product at high prices to the consumers (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2017). The unemployment rate of the country is only 5.7% which indicates that most of the population of the country is employed with weekly earnings of $1, 164 and h ousehold saving ratio of 5.2% (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2017). Thus, high employment rate supports the growth of the company. Social Factors Australia has a population of 24.1 million with 1.4% annual growth (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2017). The Australians have very high standards of life because of their high disposable income. The increasing population growth rate and high disposable income of people provides great opportunity for Alibaba.com because Australians are very spendthrift people when it comes to their standard of living and maintaining the latest trends and lifestyle. Alibaba.com has a diversified portfolio and offers a wide range of products ranging from daily utilities to luxurious products. This gives an edge to the e-commerce company and it is able to cater to a large segment of market in the country. Technological Factors Technology is growing in Australia with great speed and the nation has adapted itself with the changing technological trends. The government of Australia is making consistent efforts to develop the latest and advanced technology in the country by estimating the impact of technology on future of the country (ACOLA, 2015). The Australians do most of their shopping online and rely on their debit card and credit cards for the payments. The country has great technological infrastructure which supports online and electronic payments which is a favorable condition for the company. Thus, there is an existing target segment for the company and Alibaba did not have to make great efforts to establish its empire in the country. Further, it also received great response from the buyers in the country and has occupied the topmost position for selling nutrition products, milk powder, dietary supplements and snacks and coffee and beverages. Legal Factors The relationship of China and Australia has been evolving over the years. Earlier, China did not open the channel of export market for Australia due to which Alibaba.com could not flourish in Australia. It was on 20 December 2015 when China opened the doors of trade channel for Australia in the China Australia Free Trade Agreement (Australian Embassy China, 2017). China and Australia have now become trading partners through the treaty and China has been reported to be the largest goods export and import destination. Thus, Alibaba gained from this opportunity of the agreement and incurred huge sales last year. Alibaba faces challenges and threats due to strict laws of the country such as Intellectual Property Tax and IP rights protections, privacy and consumer rights. IP tax is paid from the pockets of Alibaba which impacts the profit of the company (The Tax Institute, 2012). The company had to make an investment in order to protect its IP rights. The company also has to strictly abid e by the consumer rights of the people in order to maintain its sustainable operations in the country. Environmental Factors Since Alibaba.com does not have its core operations established within the country due to which environmental factors does not have a huge impact on the company. Though, Alibaba.com recently opened its office in Australia in the year 2016, so the company has to ensure that the packaging material does not harm the environment of Australia (McDuling, 2016). Globalization Threats and Opportunities for Alibaba.com Opportunities Threats 1. Growing and stable economy. 2. Increasing disposable income of consumers. 3. Emerging technology in the country. 4. Increasing usage of online and electronic payments in the country. 1. Strict laws for IP tax, IP rights protection. 2. Strict consumer laws. 3. Faced the challenge of trade barriers before 2015. Recommendations After assessing the environmental factors for Alibaba.com it can be construed that the success of an organization depends on the political and economic stability of the country. Further, the government relation of host and home country are also of vital importance. Alibaba.com could not enter the market of Australia before chATFA, 2015. Disposable income and standard of living of consumers is also a crucial factor to determine the success of the organization in the market. Consumer awareness of the product or service also facilitates the growth of company in the global market. Since the Australians were already using online payment services, therefore, Alibaba.com did not face great difficulty to enter the market of Australia. Further, legal factors of the market also pose threat to the company. An organization must review the laws and regulation of the country before setting its foot in the market. For a service based company, consumer laws carry great significance and cannot be ign ored. Conclusion The report has successfully identified the threats and opportunities which are created by globalization. The discussion revolved around the market of Australia in order to assess the threats and opportunities for Alibaba.com. Alibaba.com is an e-commerce company which emerged in the growing market of China. Porters Five Forces evaluated that Alibaba.com does not face any threat from the suppliers because the company does not rely on supplier. The major threat faced by the e-commerce company is from the substitutability of the product and the website of large companies could hamper the business of Alibaba.com. PESTEL analysis evaluated that Alibaba.com received full support from the external environmental factors of China. The growing economy of China propelled the e-commerce company to grow in the Chinese market. The rise in standard of living of the people of China was supported by increasing disposable income of China which triggered the growth of company. Emerging technology in the country again acted as a support for the company due to which Alibaba.com could introduce the system of online and electronics payment system. PESTEL analysis with respect to Australia suggested that Alibaba.com faced the major challenge because of Chinas relationship with Australia which was reformed by chAFTA in 2015. The consistent economic growth of the country and increasing disposable income of the people supported the growth of Alibaba.com. The major threat faced by the company was the strict laws and regulations of the country including IP taxes, IP rights protection, privacy and consumer rights. Though Alibaba.com has been able to overcome those challenges and threats and made Australia one of the top five selling nations of the world. References ACOLA. (2015). Technology and Australias Future. Australian Council of Learned Academies. Available at: https://www.acola.org.au/PDF/SAF05/SAF05_Report_web_17Sept.pdf [Accessed online 22 March 2017]. Australian Embassy China. (2017). ChAFTA. Australian Embassy China. Available at: https://china.embassy.gov.au/bjng/150617FTA.html [Accessed online 21 March 2017]. Berkeley, J. (2013). The Alibaba phenomenon. The Economist. Available at: https://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21573981-chinas-e-commerce-giant-could-generate-enormous-wealthprovided-countrys-rulers-leave-it [Accessed online 22 March 2017]. China Briefing. (2015). Chinas E-Commerce Market Faces Tightened Regulations. China Briefing. Available at: [Accessed online 22 March 2017]. Focus Economics. (2017). China Economic Outlook. Focus Economics. Focus Economics. Available at: https://www.focus-economics.com/countries/china [Accessed online 22 March 2017]. Hill, C., and Jones, G. (2009). Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach. Australia: Cengage Learning. Koehn, E. (2017). Australia among top five nations selling on Alibabas TMall Global. Available at: https://www.smartcompany.com.au/industries/retail/australia-among-top-five-nations-selling-alibabas-tmall-global/ [Accessed online 21 March 2017]. McDuling, J. (2016). Alibaba is officially coming to Australia. The Sidney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/retail/alibaba-is-officially-coming-to-australia-20160420-goaxe0.html [Accessed online 21 March 2017]. Orszag, P.R. (2014). Private Companies Are Driving China's Growth. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2014-10-14/private-companies-are-driving-china-s-growth [Accessed online 22 March 2017]. Red Herring. (2014). Top five Chinese business laws everyone should know. Red Herring. Available at: https://www.redherring.com/startups/top-five-chinese-business-laws-everyone-should-know/ [Accessed online 22 March 2017]. Reserve Bank of Australia. (2017). Australian Economy Snapshot. Reserve Bank of Australia. Available at: https://www.rba.gov.au/snapshots/economy-snapshot/ [Accessed online 22 March 2017]. Roy, D. (2011). Strategic Foresight and Porter's Five Forces. Norderstedt: GRIN Verlag. Scutt, D. (2016). Australia's economy has grown for 25 years, but it's come at a cost. Business Insider Australia. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/australias-economy-has-grown-for-25-years-but-its-come-at-a-cost-2016-10 [Accessed online 22 March 2017]. The Tax Institute. (2012). The Taxation of Intellectual Property in Australia. The Tax Institute. Available at: https://www.taxinstitute.com.au/seminar-and-conventions/the-taxation-of-intellectual-property-in-australia [Accessed online 21 March 2017]. Trading Economics. (2017). China Disposable Income per CapitaForecast 2016-2020. Trading Economics. Available at: [Accessed online 22 March 2017]. Xinhua. (2017). China's personal income rises 6.3% in 2016. China Daily. 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Monopoly in the Unites States of America

Monopoly is a situation where there is only a single seller of a given product (a good or service) in the market (Sharkey, 1998). It emerges when the product has no close substitute. The government policies on monopolies such as prohibition, permitting or regulating activities usually affect businesses and society as a whole (Geddes, 2000). Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Monopoly in the Unites States of America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Monopoly has two extreme cases namely pure monopoly and pure or perfect competition. According to Posner (1999), pure monopoly is when one company controls completely the supply or sale of a product with no close substitute. Pure or perfect competition on the other hand occurs when there are several sellers of identical products in the same market (Posner, 1999). Natural monopoly Natural monopoly is a circumstance that occurs in the market when the average cost of product ion reduces as compared to relevant range of product demand (Sharkey, 1998). The relevant range of product demand is whereby the average cost curve falls below the demand curve making it is cheaper for a single large firm to provide for the market as compared to multiple smaller firms (Mckenzie, 2008). The government intervention is therefore necessary failure to which such markets would naturally turn to monopoly exploiting consumers through high pricing and limiting supply. Government-granted monopoly This is a form of monopoly whereby the government provides exclusive opportunity to a firm or private individual to be the only supplier of good or service to the market (Sharkey, 1998). In such a market potential competitors are barred through legislations that are enforced by the government as patent, copyright and trademarks (Geddes, 2000). The current monopoly in the Unites States of America is the United States Postal Service. This is an independent agency of the government. It was established in 1971 to solely provide postal services in the America.However, the first postal service in America was established in February 1692 through a grant from King William and Queen Mary to Thomas Neale to initiate a body that would receive and dispatch letters in the colony (Sharkey, 1998). The agency is currently administered by Board of Governors who establishes policies, procedures and rates that are applied in all services provided. The United States constitution has given the congress the authority to make laws that regulate delivery of mails thereby creating government-granted monopoly as the competitors are barred(Mckenzie,2008).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Impacts of Postal Service monopoly in United States of America This monopoly has had several adverse effects on the consumers of the services offered by the agency. To start with, it has led to t he existence of low quality services as mails are sometimes mishandled hence getting torn as well as recording high number of mails getting lost. Secondly, it has led to constant increase in prices of postage stamps and other delivery services leading to the emergency of other companies such as the United Parcel services. Similarly, monopoly has led to slow advancement to technology within the sector as old methods of mail delivery are still applied such as use of motor vehicles instead of planes. This is evident as the agency has taken long to embrace technology as noted in 2007 through adoption of electronic postage payment methods. However, being a government granted monopoly, the government provides incentives to the agency to stabilize prices of mailing and stamps (Sharkey, 1998). The stamp copyright and reproduction act has also helped the agency to reduce forgery and unhealthy completion hence being fore ahead of their emerging competitors. Several professional economists h ave accused the agency of limiting supply. Rick Geddes argued that rural customers not able to get the goods due to lack of competition and are likely to pay more if goods are taken to them. Secondly, they argue that the government should award competitive contracts to private firms to provide the same services so as to reach all citizens (Geddes, 2000). This would uphold the notion of fairness through elimination of cross-subsidy that makes citizens reside in areas in which these services are found. In conclusion, monopoly is considered an evil of economic development and enjoyment of customers’ rights. The government intervention in the provision of goods and services therefore ensures these rights such as stable prices, adequate supply are achieved Posner, R. (1999). Pressure groups and the human right agencies have spearheaded calls by government to intervene in cases of natural or government-granted monopolies. References Mckenzie, R.B. (2008).How market power fosters cr eativity production. Loss Angeles: Prentice Hall. Posner, R. (1999).Natural monopoly and its regulation .Oxford: Oxford University PressAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Monopoly in the Unites States of America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Geddes, R. (2000).How to solve the problems of the U.S .Postal Services. New Jersey: American Society for quality. Sharkey, W. (1998).The theory of natural monopoly .New York: Harvard University Press. 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